In recent years, there has been a concerning increase in colorectal cancer cases among younger populations. Traditionally viewed as an ailment of older adults, this trend has shifted, with more individuals in their 20s, 30s, and 40s receiving diagnoses. What could be behind this disturbing trend, what are the main symptoms of bowel cancer that people need to be aware of, and how can we increase the chances of early detection, which is vital for improved survival rates and better quality of life for patients?
Symptoms of Bowel Cancer to Look Out For
Colorectal cancer often begins as small, noncancerous clumps of cells called polyps, which, over time, can develop into cancer. The symptoms include:
- Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea or constipation
- A feeling that your bowel doesn’t empty completely
- Blood in the stool, which might make it look dark
- Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas, or pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
Many of these symptoms can be mistaken for less serious conditions like haemorrhoids, which can prevent people from seeing their GP and will therefore delay diagnosis. It’s crucial for individuals, regardless of age, to get any unusual symptoms checked out promptly.
Statistics on Colorectal Cancer
According to Cancer Research UK, colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer diagnosis, accounting for 11% of all cancers, and the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women combined. Recent data shows a startling increase in younger individuals. Studies indicate that individuals born around 1990 have twice the risk of colon cancer and four times the risk of rectal cancer compared to those born around 1950 at a similar age.
Younger vs. Older Adults – Differences in Diagnosis
Interestingly, individuals over 50 are less likely to be diagnosed with advanced-stage bowel cancer compared to younger people. This difference may be partly due to more regular screening in the older population, often starting at age 50. In contrast, younger individuals may not undergo routine screenings, leading to later-stage diagnoses when symptoms become pronounced.
Why the Increase in Younger People?
The reasons behind the rise in colorectal cancer among younger adults are not fully understood but are thought to be a combination of factors:
Dietary Changes: An increase in processed foods and high-fat, low-fibre diets.
Sedentary Lifestyle: Reduced physical activity contributing to obesity, a known risk factor.
Environmental Factors: Exposure to carcinogens and changes in gut microbiota.
Delay in Diagnosis: Younger individuals might ignore symptoms or be misdiagnosed, leading to advanced-stage cancers.
The Role of Genetics in Colorectal Cancer
Genetics play a significant role in colorectal cancer. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome, are two genetic conditions associated with a higher risk. Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, especially if diagnosed at a young age, should consider genetic counselling and earlier screening.
Should Young People Get Colonoscopies?
In response to rising rates in the United States, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that screening for colorectal cancer start at age 45 for people at average risk. But in the UK, routine screening is only offered to those aged 60 to 74. Previously, the test was offered to some people aged 55. It is clear that younger individuals with symptoms, a family history, or genetic predisposition should consult their doctors about earlier screening, possibly including colonoscopies.
The Lifestyle and Emotional Impact of a Bowel Cancer Diagnosis
Receiving a bowel cancer diagnosis can be a life-altering event, impacting both physical health and emotional well-being. Patients often face significant lifestyle changes, including diet modifications, increased medical appointments, and possibly surgery or chemotherapy. The emotional toll can include anxiety, depression, and concerns about body image and mortality. Support systems, counselling, and cancer support groups play a vital role in coping with these challenges.
The rise in colorectal cancer among younger adults is a pressing health concern. Awareness of symptoms, early and appropriate screening, and understanding the potential lifestyle and emotional impacts are crucial for tackling this disease effectively. It underscores the importance of a holistic approach to health, encompassing lifestyle choices, awareness, and proactive healthcare practices. As research continues, the medical community and public must adapt strategies to address this alarming trend, aiming for early detection, effective treatment, and supportive care for those affected.
